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Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (''Luftstreitkräfte'') during the First World War. He is considered the ace-of-aces of the war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Originally a cavalryman, Richthofen transferred to the Air Service in 1915, becoming one of the first members of Jasta 2 in 1916. He quickly distinguished himself as a fighter pilot, and during 1917 became leader of Jasta 11 and then the larger unit Jagdgeschwader 1 (better known as the "Flying Circus"). By 1918, he was regarded as a national hero in Germany, and widely respected even by his enemies. Richthofen was shot down and killed near Amiens on 21 April 1918. There has been considerable discussion and debate regarding aspects of his career, especially the circumstances of his death. He remains perhaps the most widely known fighter pilot of all time, and has been the subject of many books, films and other media. == Name and nicknames == Richthofen was a ''Freiherr'' (literally "Free Lord"), a title of nobility often translated as "baron".〔Kilduff, p. 6.〕〔("Freiherr" ). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 16 July 2010.〕 This is not a given name nor strictly a hereditary title—since all male members of the family were entitled to it, even during the lifetime of their father. This title, combined with the fact that he had his aircraft painted red, led to Richthofen being called "The Red Baron" () both inside and outside Germany.〔 During his lifetime he was more often described in German as ''Der Rote Kampfflieger'' (variously translated as "The Red Battle Flyer" or "The Red Fighter Pilot"). This name was used as the title of Richthofen's 1917 autobiography.〔Richthofen, Manfred von. (''Der Rote Baron'' (''The Red Baron''). ) Norderstedt, Germany: BOD, 2008 (reprint). ISBN 978-3-8370-9217-2.〕 Richthofen's other nicknames include "Le Diable Rouge" ("Red Devil") or "Le petit Rouge" ("Little Red") in French, and the "Red Knight" in English. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manfred von Richthofen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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